Chelonopsis. longipes 2019

Feb.9th 2019 at Kamori,1��|5��, at spot of C.longipes in Kamori
I went to Kamori to collect seeds of the herb, C.longipes. All receptacles were picked up on the herb labeled from No.1 to No.17 (Fig. 1).
The result is shown as follows:
Fig.1 The herb labelled F

Table 1 The number of fruits at spot A
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Herb labeled	Calyx with fruit	Calyx without fruit	Fruit(mature one)
A	9	69	24(9)
B	1	9	1(0)
C	0	14	0(0)
D	2	7	6(3)
E	3	26	6(4)
F	12	44	27(17)
17	2	13	5(2)
1	4	22	10(7)
2	1	21	3(1)
3	5	61	12(6)
5	5	18	16(6)
6	5	43	15(10)
8	1	24	1(0)
Total	50	371	126(65)
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Table 1 The number of fruits at spot B
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Herb labeled	Calyx with fruit	Calyx without fruit	Fruit(mature one)
1	2	33	7(3)
2	1	7	4(2)
3	8	2	3(0)
Total	11	42	14(5)
Other one			14(12)
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Spot A
1. Frutation rate on mature seed/all seeds is 51.6%
2. Frutation rate on seedy capsule/all capsules is 11.9

Spot B
1. Frutation rate on mature seed/all seeds is 35.7%
2. Frutation rate on seedy capsule/all capsules is 20.8 %

I put seeds on the paper drenched with water in the facile Petridish. The seeds picked up from the herb labeled A were put in the Petridish A, thus every seeds were set in every Petridish as to investigate how and when they'll germinate. I want to know the best is the germination rate of this herb.

Mar. 9th 2019
I became aware that five seeds in the Ptridish labelled F had germinated. Twelve seeds of F had grew roots ,which would germinate some day. I made sure that every herb has a root. I have observed these seeds since then and recorded the germination(Table 1).

Table 1 The number of seeds germinated at spot A
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Dish cultivated(seeds)	Feb.28	Mar.2	Mar.4	Mar.6	Mar.8
A(24)		1	4	5	6
B(1)					0
C(0)					0
D(6)			3	3	3
E(6)		3	3	3	3
F(27)	5	11	15	16	16
17(5)				1	3
1(10)		3	5	5	5
2(3)					0
5(16)		1	3	4	6
6(15)			7	8	9
Other(21)		3	11	17	17
Total(146)					74
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Spot A
Germination rate of the herb at spot A is 0.40 �}0.25. The capsule of the herb is consisted of a mature seed with immature seed. This mature seed is so fat, which may be full of nutriment, that it possesses ability to germinate, while immature seed loses weight not to germinate. Consequently all immature seeds have not germinate at all, though mature seeds did with high germination rate,0.95.

Table 1 The number of seeds germinated at spot B
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Dish cultivated(seeds)	Feb.28	Mar.2	Mar.4	Mar.6	Mar.8	Mar.10
1(7)					2	3
2(4)				1	1	2
3(0)						0
Total(11)						5
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The germination rate is 0.45.
Mar. 23th 2019 It's a fine day today.
The stems of the plant, C. longipes, were ascending or erect-standing from rhizomatous and woody stock. All leaves had turned to yellow in autumn and fallen in winter. Now I see some withered branches only on the woody stock. I cut and got a piece of them in order to see annual ring and to know how old this plant can be. I counted three annual rings in the stem whose diameter is 6.7mm(Fig. 1). This twig can be three years old(Table 1). This plant, C. longipes, may not live less than three years.

Table 2 The Diameter and annual ring
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Diameter(mm)	Number of annual rings
6.6	4
5.7	3
5.8	3
3.1	2
4.2	2
3.9	2
4.6	2
2.5	1
3.2	1
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The corelation between stem diameter and number of annual ring is shown as follows:
Formula: D = R�~1.35 + 1.4
D is diameter, R is number of annual ring.
RR=0.885, p-value= 0.0001575
New twigs on the one year old twig are growing. There is a leaf bud on the top of the twig.

Mar. 25th 2019 It's a fine day today.
I measured a diameter of the twig, C. longipes, to infer how old the plant could be at least. I selected the largest woody stem of them. The diameter measured of labeled plant are 23.5mm for stem labeled 'a', 26.0mm for '6', 17.6mm for '8' respectively. I tried to measure other labeled stem , but I couldn't achieve it because many woody stocks were under earth and entwined with rhizomatous stock. I substituted the value for the formula is shown next as:
Age of the stem labeled 'a' = diameter/1.35 - 1.4
= 23.5/1.35- 1.4
= 16.0

Table 1 The herb age estimeted by the twig diameter
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Twig labeled	Twig diameter	The age estimeted
a	23.5	16
	19.5
	11.8
	9.0
6	26.0	18
	13.4
	6.6
	1.1
8	17.6	12
	12.0
	11.5
	5.2
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Mar. 30th 2019 Calculation of PO rate
I count the pollens of the herb, C. longipes, which had been collected and been stored in ethanol. The method is shown :
1. Pick up a anther and put it onto a watch glass.
2. Add several drops of water there.
3. Break the anther into pieces to take pollens from it.
4. Stir this solution to scatter pollens all over the solution.
5. Make sure how many drops of the solution are there in the watch glass by exchanging the solution to another watch glass.
6. Exchange a drop of the solution on a slide-glass.
7. Watch and count the number of pollens through microscope magnified �~100 using with 0.01mm meshed slideglass.
8. Operate it several times.
9. Calculate sample's number and follow next method illustrated:
Result

Table 1 One of the example of the number of pollens per mm square
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0	0	0	0	1	0	3	0	0	0
1	0	0	0	3	2	0	0	0	0
1	1	1	2	1	1	0	2	0	0
1	2	2	2	1	0	5	0	2	1
2	1	2	2	4	9	7	11	0	1
0	1	3	4	4	12	16	16	9	6
8	2	3	5	11	11	11	13	12	7
4	3	3	10	6	10	17	18	11	8
1	2	3	9	9	10	12	13	15	11
4	5	1	2	11	18	7	9	6	4
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For there are 470 pollens in 10mm square(4.7/mm square) and the cover-glass is 18mm square, the number of pollens per anther are calculated by 18*18*4.7=1522.8. And the solution has been made with 5 drops of water then we must calculate more: 1522*5=7613. For the flower has 4 ovules and 4 anthers , the PO rate is about 7600.

May. 2th 2019 at Tengu-Dani in Chihaya-akasaka,Osaka
I went to Tengu=Dani to search for a herb, C. longipes of which descripution has been found in the web-site. I saw a man who might observe a herb. I asked to him 'what are you doing? Are you looking for any plants? Can I go and see there? ' He answered ' Yes,please. I am looking for a herb called Furo-keman which may be variation of the herb called Miyama-kikeman'. And He said ' My name is Fujii Shinji , and You? ' 'My name is Toyoda'. I studied a flora in Mt. Nijo with my teacher whose name is Okazaki. ' I know her' he said, ' I also had studied with her.' He kindly teach me some significant plants pointing a tiny herb and explicated about it. The herb is called ' Kawachi-suzusiro-so' which resembles 'Suzusiro-so' , but has no long strons. After our conversation I went to look for C. longipes and I found it at a slope by a stream. There are many herbs counted about 100 stocks.

Jul. 13th 2019 at Kamori 24��-26��
Many flowers have already bloomed, though same kind of flowers had not seen at all on same day in last year at spot A in Kamori. The herb labeled No.1 has three flowers and three flowers drop down on the forest floor. The herb labeled H has some flowers and buds. I picked up some of them and observe the structure of the flower through binocular microscope. I measured a length of flower and bud and try to confirm whether pollens adhere on the anther or not. I saw pollens in the flower which is longer than 38.7mm. I didn't see pollens at all on the immature anthers in all buds I observed.

Table Length of the flower and bud picked up from herb labeled H
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Sample	Flower	Bud
a	38.7	22.1
		10.5
b	40.2	12.3
		11.4
c	41.5
d		24.2
e		25.3
		6.9
		6.9
f		20.0
g		18.9
h		15.4
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The style is longer than stamen when flower or bud length is longer than 12.3mm. The style length is as long as a stamen or lesser than stamen ranges from 10.5mm to 12.2mm.
I counted a number of the petioles and peduncles on every twig to study the ratio of number of the petioles to number of the peduncle. I want to know the rate of peduncle per petiole if all petioles have not peduncles. I gained the result from three herbs at spot B is as follows:

calculate the correlate the petiole number with the peduncle number is as follows:
Y= the number of peduncles x= the number of petioles

Y=0.95x - 3.6 R2=0.78 P-value = 2.57e-9

Table 1 The rate of peduncle per petiole
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Sample herb	Twig	peduncle	petiole
Herb 1	1	6	11
	2	5	9
	3	3	6
	4	1	6
	5	5	6
	6	1	5
	7	5	8
	8	5	8
	9	1	5
	10	0	5
	11	4	7
	12	0	6
	13	4	6
Herb 2	1	3	8
	2	3	7
	3	0	4
	4	1	5
	5	4	7
	6	2	6
	7	1	6
	8	4	8
herb 3	1	1	6
	2	4	9
	3	5	9
	4	3	7
	5	7	11
	6	6	10
Mean and SD		0.40�}0.23	n=27
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Aug. 25th 2019 at Kamori, 22��
I go to the spot where the herb,C. longipes, grows. Though I expected it may flower, I saw no flowers at all there. I didn't find them at all on 18th August last year as well as in this year. I saw them on 13th July in this year and did many flowers on Sept. 15th last year. This herb may flower twice in a year. I counted a number of calyx, from which the flower had fallen down, flower buds on each twig of each herb. And I calculated the ratio of all peduncles to calyces.The calyces mean that the first flower anthesis is over and the flower buds mean that they are going to be the second flower anthesis from now then.

Table 1 Number of buds and calyces on each herb at Spot A
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Herb labeled	Bud (percentage)	calyx (percentage)
7	66(94.3)	4(5.7)
O	36(100)	0(0)
8	57(76.0)	18(24.0)
1	67(82.7)	14(17.3)
A	54(87.1)	8(12.9)
Total	280(86.4)	44(13.6)
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Table 1 Number of buds and calyces on each herb at Spot B
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Herb labeled	Bud (percentage)	calyx (percentage)
1	35(100)	4(0)
2	24(100)	0(0)
3	33(100)	18(0)
Total	92(100)	44(0)
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Buds counted mean second period of inflorescence that they will be flowers from now on and calyces mean first period of inflorescence that they were flowers. This herb may have two peaks of inflorescence in a year. I bagged a tip of the twig, which shooted from the herb labeled O near herb D.
Sep. 11th 2019 at Kamori
I went to Kamori to count the number of flowers and buds on the herb, C. longipes. I observed each twig of the herb labeled 1, 3, 7, 8, H, D, O and E at the spot A and the herb labeled 1, 2, 3 and 4 at the spot B. Each percentage calculated is 98.7% for bud, 1.7% for flower and 6.7% for calyx respectively (fig. 1).

Table 1 The number of flowers, buds and calyces at the Spot A
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Herb labeled	Immature bud	Mature bud	Flower	Calyx
1	104	15	2	1
3	166	14	11	4
7	88	1	0	2
8	42	0	0	0
H	212	36	0	2
D	150	0	0	0
O	122	0	4	3
E	66	0	0	0
Total	950	66	17	12
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Table 1 The number of flowers, buds and calyces at the Spot B
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Herb labeled	Immature bud	Mature bud	Flower	Calyx
1	84	0	0	0
2	44	0	0	0
3	56	0	0	0
4	58	0	0	0
Total	242	0	0	0
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This result reveals that the peak of a flower set will come from now on and minor flower set is over at spot A. No flower set came and first flower set will come at spot B later than a flower set at spot A.

Sept. 14. 2019 at Tengu-dani Am.8:30-9:35 fine sometimes cloudy
I counted the number of a bud, a flower and a calyx on a twig at a spot in Tengu-dani where is situated in Osaka-Pref. There are many flowers of a herb, C. longipes, at the sunny side of the tiny valley, while at shadow side the herb doesn't grow well. I compared the data from Tengu-dani with the data gained from the spot A at Kamori. Some bumblebees often visit the flower and enter into the flower or corolla then the body perfectly disappares in it. I caught this bee with net. I observed the surface of the bee's body later and found many pollens on a dorsal side of the thorax and wings. There are three kinds of pollens , Chelonopsis longipes, Chrysanthemum and Impatiens. More pollens adhere to upper wing, dorsal side of thorax and the between thorax and abdomen.

Table 1
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Herb labeled	immature bud	mature bud	flower	calyx
A	30	5	0	10
B	28	7	3	11
C	8	3	5	1
D	1	0	1	0
E	4	0	0	1
F	1	0	0	0
G	6	3	0	0
GA	24	56	11	25
GB	18	66	15	29
GC	18	43	9	62
Total	152	193	46	154
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Summary
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Location	bud	flower	calyx
Tengu-Dani	345(63.3%)	46(8.4%)	154(28.3%)
Kamori	962(92.0%)	17(1.6%)	66(6.3%)
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Sept. 29. 2019 at Tengu-dani 23��, Am. 8:30-9:35 fine sometimes cloudy
I arrived at Tengu-dani in Chihaya-akasaka at 8:30. I saw many flowers of a herb , C.longipes, there. I couted number of buds, flowers and calices. I was waiting a pollinater visiting the flowers, but I didn't see it. A hawkmoth and wasp came to forage other flowers. I collected a wasp, Vespa somillima, and looked for pollens on the surface of the wasp. I didn't find them at all. I was waiting them for a hour. I counted a number of a bud, a flower and a calyx of a herb, C. longipes. The result is:

Table 1
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Herb labeled	immature bud	mature bud	flower	calyx
A	25	0	0	12
B	20	1	2	21
C	12	0	0	8
G	6	0	0	0
GA	24	0	4	86
GB	21	3	4	184
GC	24	1	1	124
Total	132	5	11	435
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Summary
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Location	bud	flower	calyx
Apot A Kamori	137(23%)	11(2%)	435(75%)
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Table 1
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Herb labeled	corolla length
A	3.61
B	3.54
C	4.04
D	4.00
E	3.78
F	4.03
G	3.68
H	3.69
I	3.54
Mean�}SD	3.77�}0.21
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Oct. 5. 2019 at Kamori 20-23��, Am. 7:30-8:30
L counted a number of a bud, a flower and a calyx of the herb C. longipes, which was labeled A,B,D,D',1,7,8. The result shows 224(30%) for the bud, 109(14%) for the flower and 419(56%) for calyx respectively at apot A(Fig.2) and 128(65%) for the bud, 44(23%) for the flower and 24(12%) for calyx respectively at apot B.

Table 1
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Herb labeled	immature bud	mature bud	flower	calyx
A	16	17	22	134
B	21	18	7	31
D	33	21	15	31
Du	16	7	17	89
1	29	15	20	92
7	6	0	6	10
8	10	15	22	32
Total	131	93	109	419
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Summary
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Location	bud	flower	calyx
Spot A	224(30%)	109(14%)	419(56%)
Apot B	128(65%)	44(23%)	24(12%)
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I saw a bumblebee,Bombus diversus diversus, visiting the flowers and enter into them. I took it pictures(Fig.1). A hawkmoth, Macroglossum pyrrhosticta, also came to the flowers and were hovering around them foreging with a long mouth parts. The moth may not be the pollinator for it seems only to steal necter from them. Another tiny fly ,which may be flower fly, visited them and touched on the middle lobe of the flower, which is like a tongue and longer than lateral ones(Fig. 2). But the fly didn't enter into the flower.

Oct. 7. 2019 at Kamori 18-20��, Am. 7:30-8:30
I was waiting for insets visiting flowers from 8:15 To 9:35 AM. at Kamori. A tiny flower fly visited and foraged them at 8:50 and some kind of the visited at 9:05 again. I collected two flower flies and took them picture. One of the fly visited and touched on the middle lobe of the flower is Episyrpinus balteatus. I confirm pollens on the left hind leg through a microscope., which are located both being from femur to claw and on the tarsus and claw of right hind leg. Several pollens are also seen on the abdomen. I make sure that no pollens are on the surface of another flower fly collected.

I discovered that anthers of C. longipes is not located directly above the middle lobe, on which foraging bumblebee first rides to enter the corolla, moreover they are counterclockwisely about 20 degree apart from the point located above the middle lobe. While I saw many pollens on the surface of the bumblebee , especialy wings and thorax.

When this bee enters into the corolla, she must close her wings. Then pollens sticks on the upper wing. The upper wing , which are closed ,acts as a pollen conveyer. She is able to enter into corolla for the diameter of her body, espesialy thorax, is a little lesser than the diameter of the corolla. The cross section of her thorax is 145.2? while the cross section of the corolla is 250.0�}39.0?,n=23. Therefor the bee can enter into there when she closes her wings.

Oct.21th 2019
It had been rain since three days. Today it is cloudy and sometimes fine but not rain. I went to Kamori to carry a lapse-time camera to home. The camera has been there for four days. A growth of a flower C. longipes ,recorded by the camera shows that the flower opens at AM 10:00 on 17th and falls down on the forest floor at PM. 10:10 on 19th. That means the flower has a chance visited by pollinator for 60 hours or 2.5 days. Another flower opens at AM 5:30 on 18th and falls down at 0:40 on 20th, which continue to open for 43 hours or 1.8 days.

Wheather a geitonogamy or xenogamy, the pollinator, bumblebee and so on, transports pollens from a flower to another one for about two days. The camera also recorded a visit from insects, which may be a kind of flower fly and a hawkmoth at 12:40 AM on 17th, at 11:19 on 18th and 15:00 on 18th .

I picked up four flowers of C. longipes. There were only four flowers at spot A. I collected both fresh flowers and old one fallen down on the forest floor to investigate the growth of its pollen tube in vitro. I put pollens of each flowers labeled A,B,C,D into 10% sucrose solution (sugar 10g and water 90g) at 18:20 21th. After 24hours passed at 19:30 on 22th , some pollen tube have grown. The result is shown as:

Flower with tube=T
TFlower without tube=NT
Long stamen=LS
Short stamen=SS

Table 1
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Flower	T	NT	Total	%
A LS	0	310	310	0
A SS	2	150	152	1.3
B LS	12	88	100	12.0
B SS	58	355	413	14.0
C LS	55	290	345	15.9
C SS	22	164	186	11.8
D LS	12	345	357	3.4
D SS	16	302	318	5.0
Total	177	2004	2181	8.1
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After 42hours passed at 12:20 on 23th , some pollen tube have grown. The result is shown as:

Table 1
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Flower	T	NT	Total	%
A LS	1	189	190	0.5
A SS	1	178	179	0.6
B LS	37	242	279	13.3
B SS	105	808	915	11.5
C LS	34	349	383	8.9
C SS	21	285	306	6.9
D LS	5	82	87	5.7
D SS	13	256	269	4.8
Total	217	2389	2606	8.3
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Pollen tube germinates at the percentage of about 8%.

Oct.28th 2019
I went to Kamori to count a number of the immature bud, bud, flower and calyx respectively. I didn't see the flower or corolla of the herb, C. longipes, at all. A bumble bees or hawkmoths also were not seen there. The result of this study is shown as follows:

Table At Spot A
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Herb labeled	immature bud	mature bud	flower	calyx
A	24	2	0	191
B	27	0	0	31
D	32	2	0	91
Du	23	0	0	102
1	29	3	0	107
7	6	0	0	16
8	43	1	0	109
3	13	0	0	105
Total	197	8	0	752
Percent	20.6	0.8	0	78.6
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Table At Spot B
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Herb labeled	immature bud	mature bud	flower	calyx
1	28	2	0	52
2	19	0	0	14
3	21	1	0	38
4	15	0	0	23
Total	83	3	0	127
Percent	39.0	1.4	0	59.6
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Nov. 17th 2019 in Tengu-Dani, 12-18��, 8:15-10:45
I went to Tengu-Dani , where is situated at Minami-Kawachi-Gun in Osaka, to study the herb, C. longipes, especially its rate of fruit set. 1. I counted number of calyces with fruit and without fruit on the herb labeled GA, GB, and GC (Table 1). I collected all calyces of each herb labeled C, A, A2, B, D, F, G and E. Several inflorescences or cymes of them had been covered with a net or bagged on Jul. 25th to disturb pollinators. There are no fruits in the calyx bagged while many flowers , which had not been bagged, have turned to fruits(Table 2).

Table Fruit set percentage of the herb, C. longipes at Tengu-Dani
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Herb labeled	calyx with fruits	calyx without fruits	percentage
GA	65	24	73.0
GB	107	25	81.0
GC	136	35	79.5
Total	152	193	46
Mean�}SD	77.8�}3.5
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Table2 Number of calyces with fruits
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Herb labeled	bagged	calyx with fruits	calyx without fruits	intact	calyx with fruits	calyx without fruits
A	bagged	0	4	intact	2	1
A2	bagged	0	4	intact	1	4
B	bagged	0	3	intact	10	7
D	bagged	0	2	intact	1	0
F	bagged	0	2	intact	0	0
G	bagged	0	3	intact	0	3
Total	bagged	0	18	intact	14	15
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T he result of Pearson's Chi-squared test with Yates' continuity correction is as follows: X-squared = 10.176, df = 1, p-value = 0.001423

2. After I made these fruits dry, I measured every fruits by a digital jewelry scale of which range is 0.001g to 100g. The result shows that average weight of the fruit is 26.0�}6.9mg(n=268 Table. 1) .

3. This herb,C. longipes, has four ovaries but they don't grow up four mature fruits perfectly. The fruits have four types of composition. What are 4 mature fruits in the calyx is type 1, and 3 mature fruits and a immature one for tipe 2, 2mature and 2 immature for type3, a mature and 3 immature for type4.The ratio of mature fruits to all fruits in each calyx is 42.2% for type 1, 25.3% for type 2, 19.3% for type 3, 13.3% for type 4 (Fig. 1).

Table Number of mature fruits in each calyx
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Herb labeled	immature bud	mature bud	flower	calyx
Number	GA	GB	GC	Total	Percentage
4	4	18	13	35	42.2
3	8	8	5	21	25.3
2	3	8	5	16	19.3
1	4	4	3	11	13.3
Total	19	38	26	83	100
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4. The percentage of mature fruits to all fruits collected is 71.4�}4.0(Table. 2 n=340). About 70% of the fruits may have a viability to germinate.

Table 3 The Ratio of mature seed to all fruits in each calyx
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Herb labeled	mature fruit	all fruit	ratio
GA	50	76	0.66
GB	116	156	0.74
GC	80	108	0.74
Mean�}SD			0.71�}0.04
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Nov. 23th 2019 at Kamori, fine , 14-18��
I went to Kamori to see the growth of fruit of a herb, C. longipes. I counted both the number of calices with fruit and calices without fruit growing on each twig of 11 herb labeled 1,3,7,8,A,B,Bu,D,Du,H and J. Some of them already had been bagged. Today I take bags off and counted the number of fruits as wall. I confirm that there are 201 calices with fruits and 1022 one without fruits on all calices while no calices setting fruits and 135 calices without fruits of the twigs bagged.

Table 1 The fruits set in a calyx on bagged and intact flower
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Calyx	Intact	Bagged
With fruits	201	0
Without fruits	1022	135
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I analyze them by means of X-squared method. The result is as follows: X-squared value = 24.76 P-value = 6.5exp-7 (df=1) These bags could be effective for disturbing a pollinator. The seed set percentage is 7.4% for the herb labeled 1, 14.5% for 3, 18.7% for A and so on. Consequently the seed set percentage is 18.2 �} 8.8 % (n=10). As compared with the data from Tengu-Dani (78.4�} 3.2, n=4), the data from Kamori is remarkably lower.

Table 3 Seed Set Percentage
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Herb labeled	Calyx with seed	All calyces	percentage
1	12	167	7.4
3	18	124	14.5
A	43	230	18.7
7	11	34	32.4
8	23	93	24.7
Bu	3	10	30.0
D	20	96	20.8
H	54	287	18.8
J	2	46	4.2
Total	201	1233	18.2�}8.8
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Why dose this bring about? I think it might attribute the result to a visiting frequency of the pollinator. Some bumble bees were frequently visiting and foreging flowers of C. longipes one after another in Tengu-Dani , while I seldom saw the bumble bees in Kamori. This herb may be geitonogamy or xenogamy but autogamous self-pollination. It is necessary to study and examine whether it reproducts in self-compatibility or in self-incompatibility .

Dec. 8th 2019 at Kamori 5��
I collected fruits from two twigs of each herb labeled A,1,3,K,D,L,M,8. The weight of every fruits are measured by means of a digital jewelry scale of which range is 0.001g to 100g. The average weight of the fruit is 54.7�}10.9mg(n=268 Table. 1) as it is a fresh fruit involving enough water. After these fruits dry, the weight reduces to be 41.4% of fresh ones. The ratio of mature fruits to all fruits collected is 0.545�}0.169(Table. 2). Half of the fruits may have a viability to germinate. Fruit set percentage is calculated to be 0.28(69/245 Table. 3).

Table The mean weight of the nutlet on each herb
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Herb labeled	mean weight (mg)
A	66.1
1	60.5
3	56.7
K	38.9
H	51.2
8	37.3
D	69.0
L	58.1
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Mean�}SD=54.7�}10.9

Table.2.The Ratio of mature seed to all seeds in each calyx
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Herb labeled	mature fruits	All fruits	percentage
A	35	44	79.5
1	6	20	30.0
3	21	32	65.6
K	41	52	78.8
H	24	48	50.0
8	14	32	43.8
D	9	20	45.0
L	13	30	43.3
Total	163	278	54.5�}16.9
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Table 3 The fruits set percentage
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Herb labeled	calyx with fruits	calyx without fruits
A	11	22
1	5	19
3	8	28
K	14	13
H	12	44
8	8	18
D	6	12
L	5	20
Total	69	176
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This herb,C. longipes, has four ovaries but they don't grow up four mature fruits perfectly. The fruits have four types of composition. What are 4 mature fruits in the calyx is type 1, and 3 mature fruits and a immature one for tipe 2, 2mature and 2 immature for type3, a mature and 3 immature for type4.The ratio of mature fruits to all fruits in each calyx is 28.1% for type 1, 23.4% for type 2, 23.4% for type 3, 25.0% for type 4. Why dose these types appear? The rate of 4 mature fruits, type 1, collected in Tengu-Dani reveals 42.2%. The herb there may grow better than in Kamori.